John André through his correspondence, which was often aided by Peggy Shippen - a Loyalist and wife of Arnold, persuaded Arnold to surrender the fort for £20,000. John Andre conspired with Continental Army […] "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. According to legend, Betsy Ross made the first American flag. Arnold commanded West Point and had agreed to surrender it to the British for £20,000 (approximately $3.65 million in 2018[3])—a move that would have enabled the British to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies. So soon, however, as he perceived that things were in readiness, he stepped quickly into the wagon, and at this moment he appeared to shrink, but instantly elevating his head with firmness he said, "It will be but a momentary pang," and taking from his pocket two white handkerchiefs, the provost-marshal, with one, loosely pinioned his arms, and with the other, the victim, after taking off his hat and stock, bandaged his own eyes with perfect firmness, which melted the hearts and moistened the cheeks, not only of his servant, but of the throng of spectators. But when André was captured (and executed), Benedict’s treason was uncovered. It was his earnest desire to be shot, as being the mode of death most conformable to the feelings of a military man, and he had indulged the hope that his request would be granted. Some hours later, Washington received the explanatory information from Maj. Tallmadge and immediately sent men to arrest Arnold, but it was too late. Teresa Heinz has three sons with her first husband, John Heinz: Henry John Heinz IV, André Thierstein Heinz, and Christopher Drake Heinz. On 29 September 1780, the board found André guilty of being behind American lines "under a feigned name and in a disguised habit" and ordered that "Major André, Adjutant-General to the British Army, ought to be considered as a Spy from the enemy, and that agreeable to the law and usage of nations, it is their opinion, he ought to suffer death. It was a tragical scene of the deepest interest. Around this time, André had been negotiating with disillusioned American General Benedict Arnold. William had ten children and t… He had a lively and pleasant manner and could draw, paint, and create silhouettes, as well as sing and write verse. Peggy came of age during the American Revolution, in which she eventually played a significant role. E.J. [citation needed] Joshua Hett Smith, who was accompanying him, left him just before he was captured. [26] In 1879 a monument was unveiled on the place of his execution at Tappan. Just in case you’ve been watching TURN in hermetic isolation or have only seen the episodes that don’t feature Major John Andre as a main character, I’m referring to the little white braid seen here. © 2020 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. John André (2 May 1751 – 2 October 1780) was a major in the British Army and head of its Secret Service in America during the American Revolutionary War. They have three children. – from a letter written by Washington to Colonel. To aid André's escape through U.S. lines, Arnold provided him with civilian clothes and a passport which allowed him to travel under the name John Anderson. During his nearly nine months in Philadelphia, André occupied Benjamin Franklin's house, from which it has been claimed that he removed several valuable items on the orders of Major-General Charles Grey when the British left Philadelphia, including an oil portrait of Franklin by Benjamin Wilson. Andretti was a member of the famous racing Andretti family. His son David became a merchant at Genoa in Italy and died there 8 March 1737/8 but his will was proved in London. The painting now hangs in the White House.[2]. André offered them his horse and watch, if they would let him go, but they declined. André has been portrayed several times in film and television: by Michael Wilding as an eloquent and dignified idealist in the 1955 Hollywood film The Scarlet Coat; by JJ Feild in the TV series Turn: Washington's Spies; by Eric Joshua Davis in the TV series Sleepy Hollow; and by John Light in the movie "Benedict Arnold: A Question of Honor". While a prisoner, he endeared himself to American officers who lamented his death as much as the British. "The lower party," replied André, meaning the British. The trial contrasted with Sir William Howe's treatment of Hale some four years earlier. The brothers finally agreed to row after threats by Arnold to arrest them. Sent to America in 1774, André became chief intelligence officer to the British commander in chief, General Sir Henry Clinton, in New York City. Cook); To which are added, letters addressed to her by Major Andre, in the year 1769 (London: J. Dodsley, 1780), 1 (dedication). Twenty years old and mother of a six-month-old baby, she screamed incoherently and insisted that her husband was gone forever and that someone was trying to kill her baby. In 1779, Andre was promoted to the rank of major and placed in charge of gathering intelligence for the British. Margaret "Peggy" Shippen (July 11, 1760 – August 24, 1804) was the highest-paid spy in the American Revolution, and was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold.. Shippen was born into a prominent Philadelphia family with Loyalist tendencies. He contacted Peggy’s friend André and offered to provide him with information that would help the British win the war. He was a frequent guest star on Little House on the Prairie. said an officer by his side. Although the Shippen family tried to remain neutral during the war — Peggy’s father considered it both safer and more financially prudent — the family’s sympathies leaned toward the British. [15]Sargent, The life and career of Major John André, 400. (Author of the elegy on Capt. Alexander Hamilton was a Founding Father, a Constitutional Convention delegate, author of the Federalist papers and the first secretary of the U.S. treasury. – 2 October 1780) was a major in the British Army and head of its Secret Service in America during the American Revolutionary War. The 1798 play André, based on Major André's execution, is one of the earliest examples of American tragedy. She rarely appears in public with André and once said in an interview that she doesn't want to be defined by her husband. Benedict had become commander of West Point, a strategic fort on the Hudson River. André asked whether Tallmadge thought the situations similar; he replied, "Yes, precisely similar, and similar shall be your fate," referring to Hale having been hanged by the British as a spy.[14]. The principal guard officer, who was constantly in the room with the prisoner, relates that when the hour of execution was announced to him in the morning, he received it without emotion, and while all present were affected with silent gloom, he retained a firm countenance, with calmness and composure of mind. This was due to an incident in which he assisted Benedict Arnold's attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York to … Despite a lack of credible evidence to support this, she remains an icon of American history. Peggy served as Arnold’s accomplice in his famous act of treachery against the United States, not only helping him secure an audience with John André, a British officer she had befriended as a young woman in Philadelphia, but also flirting and cajoling Robert R. Livingston into securing Arnold’s strategic position at … He was renowned for his victory over British ships of war off the east coast of England. Peggy married Benedict, a widower with three children, on April 8, 1779. The precise convergence of three dynamic forces—culture, environment, and talent—combined to produce one of the most collected figurative painters on the American art scene today. Chester, an American genealogist who edited the "Westminster Abbey Registers", did a lot of research into the André family. An intelligent, charismatic and beautiful teen, Peggy enjoyed high society. [11] André testified at his trial that the men searched his boots for the purpose of robbing him. He also wrote many comic verses. Tallmadge had been a classmate of Nathan Hale while both were at Yale, and he described the capture of Hale. JJ Feild, Actor: Captain America: The First Avenger. Only 4 left in stock - order soon. In 1777, when British captured Philadelphia, Shippen family held social gathering. André's defense was that he was suborning an enemy officer, "an advantage taken in war" (his words). André Rieu has been married to his wife, Marjorie Rieu, for 40 years (as he told us in an exclusive Valentine's Day video – link below). Because of her family’s status, she met influential people, both loyalist (those who supported British rule) and rebel (those who sought American independence). In April of that year, he took charge of British Secret Service in America. André told the court that he had neither desired nor planned to be behind American lines. He planned the Mischianza when General Howe, Clinton's precursor, resigned and was about to return to England. [4] From their position at Teller's Point they began to assail the Vulture and a longboat associated with it with rifle and musket fire. Nancy Andretti is the wife of the late American race car driver, John Andretti, who died on January 30, 2020, from cancer. [16]Anna Seward, Monody on Major Andre. He was dressed in his royal regimentals and boots, and his remains, in the same dress, were placed in an ordinary coffin, and interred at the foot of the gallows; and the spot was consecrated by the tears of thousands...[18]. Wife of American Traitor General Benedict Arnold Peggy (Margaret) Shippen was born on July 11, 1760, to one of the most prominent families in Philadelphia, which included two Philadelphia mayors and the founder of Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. Alexander Hamilton wrote of him: "Never perhaps did any man suffer death with more justice, or deserve it less." [28], British Army officer during the American Revolutionary War, Head of British Secret Service in America, NOTE: The capture occurred in the area of present day, Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1851, Rupert Gunnis, Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War, "Pounds Sterling to Dollars: Historical Conversion of Currency", "Commemorating the Defense of Teller's Point", Local History: British Agent Detained in Tarrytown, Executed in Rockland, "Benedict Arnold, John André, and His Three Yeoman Captors: A Sentimental Journey or American Virtue Defined", "The Capture of Major John André" by A.C. Warren (1856), Letters from André, including coded interchange between André and Arnold, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_André&oldid=992199854, 18th-century executions by the United States, 18th-century executions by New York (state), British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War, British military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War, British spies during the American Revolution, Huguenot participants in the American Revolution, People executed by the United States military by hanging, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2019, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "He was more unfortunate than criminal." At age 20, he entered the British Army and joined the 7th of Foot (Royal Fusileers) in British Canada in 1774 as a lieutenant. https://www.biography.com/political-figure/peggy-shippen. Singer Eddie Fisher topped the charts in the 1950s and made headlines when he left wife Debbie Reynolds to become Elizabeth Taylor's fourth husband. He therefore insisted on sending a note to Arnold informing him of the entire situation. John André (May 2, 1750 – October 2, 1780) was a British army officer hanged as a spy during the American Revolutionary War. WARNING: SPOILERS WATCH IN 1080p The most beautiful and tragic love story I have ever seen! We strive for accuracy and fairness. Despite Arnold's assurances, the two oarsmen sensed that something was wrong. Ships from and sold by sweethomeliquid2. Senator John Heinz and the wife of former U.S. Secretary of State, longtime U.S. Cray, Robert E. Jr., "Major John Andre and the Three Captors: Class Dynamics and Revolutionary Memory Wars in the Early Republic, 1780–1831", This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 01:08. He bore six papers hidden in his stocking, written in Arnold's hand, that showed the British how to take the fort. There he admitted who he really was. André thought that they were Tories because one was wearing a Hessian soldier's overcoat. He also acted in The Waltons, Bonanza, Gunsmoke and Petticoat Junction. – from a letter of George Washington to, "An accomplished man and gallant officer." 2, 1780) was a British intelligence officer during the American Revolution.In 1779, he assumed oversight of secret intelligence for the British army and opened contact with American traitor Maj. Gen. Benedict Arnold.Andre was later captured, convicted, and hanged as … Benedict Arnold was an American Revolutionary War general best known for his defection from the Continental Army to the British side of the conflict in 1780. On the morning of 22 September, the two American patriots, Peterson and Sherwood launched a two-hour cannonade on the Vulture, which sustained many hits and was forced to retire down river. He was a great favorite in colonial society, both in Philadelphia and New York, during those cities' occupation by the British Army. The other son John married Louise Vazeille and had seven children. The fatal hour having arrived, a large detachment of troops was paraded, and an immense concourse of people assembled; almost all our general and field officers, excepting his excellency and staff, were present on horseback; melancholy and gloom pervaded all ranks, and the scene was affectingly awful. He passed along news of how many troops were stationed at the fort and when defenses might be weakest. He was 38; she was 18. On the day of his capture, James Rivington published André's poem "The Cow Chase" in his gazette in New York. General Washington convened a board of senior officers to investigate the matter. The match was somewhat controversial, in part because Peggy leaned loyalist, while Benedict was an officer in the Continental military; and because he had a reputation as a fiery, impatient man who stood accused of illegal business dealings. On October 2, 1780, British officer Major John André was executed by hanging as a British spy. In exchange, Benedict wanted the British to pay him a large sum of money. "We do," was the answer. Two younger brothers died during childhood, leaving Peggy as the youngest in the family. He was fluent in English, French, German, and Italian. A pension was awarded by the British to his mother and three sisters not long after his death, and his brother William André was made a baronet in his honour in 1781 (see André baronets). Two days later, when Arnold heard of Andre's arrest, he fled to the Vulture, a … Peggy had three older sisters and an older brother. Andre (August 14, 1908 - September 6, 1984) was born in Detroit, Michigan. Having left a mother and two sisters in England, he was heard to mention them in terms of the tenderest affection, and in his letter to Sir Henry Clinton, he recommended them to his particular attention. John Andretti, the retired NASCAR and IndyCar driver, has died at the age of 56. Her husband, John Andretti, was the older brother of racer Adam Andretti, nephew of Indianapolis 500 winner Mario Andretti, and first cousin to IndyCar champion Jeff Andretti, and Michael Andretti. They were so wonderful together. When his British contact, Major John André, was captured by the Americans, Arnold escaped on a British ship, leaving André to be hanged as a spy. Observing his servant enter the room in tears, he exclaimed, "Leave me till you can show yourself more manly!" John Paul Jones was an American naval hero in the American Revolution. He was a prolific writer who carried on much of General Henry Clinton's correspondence, the British Commander-in-Chief of British armies in America. Perhaps the most notable liaison of Peggy’s teenage years was the one she had with Major John André, a British officer who, like her, seemed to break hearts wherever he went. Arnold's Loyalist wife Peggy Shippen was one of the go-betweens in the correspondence. The board consisted of Major Generals Nathanael Greene (the presiding officer), Lord Stirling, Arthur St. Clair, Lafayette (who cried at André's execution), Robert Howe, Steuben, Brigadier Generals Samuel H. Parsons, James Clinton, Henry Knox, John Glover, John Paterson, Edward Hand, Jedediah Huntington, John Stark, and Judge Advocate General John Laurance. André went up the Hudson River on the British sloop-of-war Vulture on Wednesday, 20 September 1780 to visit Arnold. Peggy devoted herself to her children — four sons and a daughter — scrambling to ensure their financial well-being before she died of cancer on August 24, 1804. Twice named prime minister of Great Britain, he helped to defeat Nazi Germany in World War II. However, he did not attempt to pass the blame onto Arnold. He was promoted to captain in the 26th Foot on 18 January 1777, and to major in 1778. The two men conferred in the woods below Stony Point on the river's west bank until nearly dawn, after which André accompanied Arnold several miles to the Joshua Hett Smith House (Treason House) in West Haverstraw, New York, owned by Thomas Smith and occupied by his brother Joshua. Colonel J.L. Teresa Heinz … André was born on 2 May 1750 in London to wealthy Huguenot parents Antoine André, a merchant from Geneva, Switzerland, and Marie Louise Girardot from Paris, France. The others left and Arnold came to André on horseback, leading an extra horse for André's use. Washington and other prominent American leaders sympathized, thinking she was as much a victim of Benedict’s treachery as they themselves were. While waiting and standing near the gallows, I observed some degree of trepidation; placing his foot on a stone, and rolling it over and choking in his throat, as if attempting to swallow. James André, of Nismes in France, was the earliest ancestor he could find. Heinz is the widow of former U.S. IMDb E.J. Arnold received Jameson's note while at breakfast with his officers, made an excuse to leave the room, and was not seen again. During the American Revolution, Peggy Shippen and her husband, Benedict Arnold, became traitors to the American colonists, sharing with the British confidential information about military strategy. He attended school in Geneva, returning to London in 1767, two years before his father died. None of these men knew Arnold's purpose or suspected his treason; all were told that the purpose was to do good for the patriot cause. By the next year (1780), he had briefly taken part in Clinton's invasion of the South, starting with the siege of Charleston, South Carolina. The day before his hanging, André drew a likeness of himself with pen and ink, which is now owned by Yale College. Sir Henry Clinton, the British commander in New York, did all that he could to save André, his favourite aide, but refused to surrender Arnold in exchange for him, even though he personally despised Arnold. Teresa Met Her First Husband, John Heinz, While a Student at the University of Geneva. Colonel Scammel now informed him that he had an opportunity to speak, if he desired it; he raised the handkerchief from his eyes, and said, "I pray you to bear me witness that I meet my fate like a brave man." He then told them that he was a U.S. officer and showed them his passport, but the suspicions of his captors were now aroused. It was a month after their marriage that Benedict embarked on his career as a traitor to the Continental army. Richard Henry Lee was an American statesman from Virginia who made the motion, known as the Lee Resolution, for independence from Great Britain. The two, however, remained in touch. The presence of the warship was discovered by two American privates, John Peterson and Moses Sherwood the following morning on September 21. 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